The mode control panel is used to select the autothrottle, autopilot, and flight director operating modes. The flight mode annunciator displays current flight modes.

Wingtip vortices are tubes of circulating air that are left behind a wing as it generates lift.

They are caused by the difference in pressure above and below the wing causing the air to 'escape' from the high pressure area below the wing to the low pressure area above the wing, by rolling around the tip of the wing. This creates a vortex that trails behind the wing.

A turbofan is a type of jet engine, similar to a turbojet.

It essentially consists of a ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine mounted behind it that powers the fan.

Part of the airstream from the ducted fan passes through the turbojet where it is burnt to power the fan, but the majority of the flow bypasses it, and produces most of the thrust. They are mainly used commercially because they are highly efficient and relatively quiet in operation.

Decision altitude (precision), the altitude at which a decision must be made during an ILS, MLS, or PAR instrument approach to either continue the approach or to execute a missed approach.

No

Radiation fog forms on cloudless nights with only very light winds and high relative humidity when the cold ground cools the air above it to its dew point causing condensation (fog).

Usually occurs inland in valleys and low lying areas (as these areas tend to have more moisture) and usually occurs in a high pressure system.

Carb icing can occur with temperatures as high 30°C and humidity as low as 50%, but it is more likely when below 20°C and high humidity, especially during low power settings.

At the tip as downwash and spanwise flow effect the angle of attack at each section, but because of the tapered wing the effective angle of attack near the tips is greater than that near the center.

The ratio between the wing span and the mean chord line.

A high aspect ratio is associated with good lift to drag ratio, i.e.: Gliders.

A low aspect ratio is usually associated with fast aircraft, i.e.: Fighter jets.

A Fohn wind is a warm dry wind that blows down the lee side of a mountain.

Initially, the air temperature cools dry-adiabatically (3°C/1000 ft), until its dew point temperature is reached. Condensation occurs as the air is further forced up the mountain range, resulting in the air cooling saturated-adiabatically (generally considered in the mid-latitudes to be 1.8°C/1000 ft). Clouds and precipitation form. When the air mass reaches the top of the mountain range it has lost a significant amount of its water content and so has a much lower dew point temperature.

As the air then begins to descend down the lee slope of the mountain the compressed air is initially heated saturated-adiabatically, and in effect the direct reverse to the cooling effect on the windward side occurs. As the air continues leeward and downward from the mountain range, the air, now no longer saturated, is heated dry-adiabatically.

The resultant wind is dry and warm giving clear conditions at airfields on the lee side of the mountain range.

The Foehn Effect also may be associated with mountain wave activity.